Overnight, lawmakers approved a proposed constitutional amendment that would allow full-scale commercial casinos. The state has nine racetrack gambling parlors and five American Indian casinos; the amendment, which would have to be approved once more by the Legislature and then by voters, would authorize up to seven Las Vegas-style casinos.

Lawmakers also completed their part of a contentious redistricting compromise with Mr. Cuomo. He had pledged during his campaign for governor not to approve maps unless they were drawn by an independent body, but he reversed his position because, he said, approval of the maps drawn by the Legislature enabled him to get long-term redistricting reform.

In exchange for Mr. Cuomo’s approval of the maps, lawmakers agreed to support a constitutional amendment that would create a bipartisan redistricting commission after the 2020 census. In an effort to ensure that the Legislature follows through with its pledge to approve the constitutional amendment two years in a row, Mr. Cuomo insisted that it pass a law that would grant the governor greater power over redistricting if the Legislature abandoned the amendment.

The Assembly and the Senate approved the lawmaker-drawn maps and the constitutional amendment late Wednesday night, and the backup law early Thursday. The maps approved by the Legislature were for legislative districts only; lawmakers have been unable to agree on how to reduce the number of Congressional districts in the state to 27 from 29 and have left that task to a federal court.

Mr. Cuomo’s compromise on legislative redistricting drew criticism from Senate Democrats, who departed the chamber en masse rather than participate in the vote, held just before midnight. Government watchdog groups are pressing the governor to veto the maps, which they described as gerrymandered to protect incumbents and as unfair to minority voters.

The Senate minority leader, John L. Sampson, a Brooklyn Democrat, questioned whether Mr. Cuomo had dropped his opposition to the redistricting maps in exchange for passage of his pension proposal.

“I would expect this if a Republican was governor,” Mr. Sampson said. He added, “Governor Cuomo always talks about how Albany has changed. Albany hasn’t changed. Albany has changed for the worst.”

Former Mayor Edward I. Koch, who had pressed legislators to pledge during the last election season that they would support independent redistricting, said the deal struck by Mr. Cuomo “puts off reform for a decade and forces the voters to endure 10 more years of the undemocratic way the Legislature’s district lines are drawn.”

“I am disappointed that the governor compromised,” Mr. Koch said.

The DNA database expansion was resolved more amicably. The state now collects DNA from all convicted felons and some misdemeanants; the measure approved by lawmakers will allow it to collect samples from anyone convicted of a crime.

The legislation also attempts to address concerns raised by defense lawyers about wrongful convictions. It allows people convicted of a crime to petition a judge to force the prosecution to turn over all evidence from the case. And it permits defendants to ask a judge to allow testing of DNA samples from that evidence against the state’s database.

Also, people convicted of misdemeanor marijuana possession will not have to give a DNA sample if they have no prior criminal record.

The all-night session in Albany resolved many of the most prominent issues facing the Legislature. Lawmakers have not yet reached an agreement on a state budget for the fiscal year that begins April 1, but legislative leaders have expressed confidence that they would reach a deal within days.

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