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יכול מראש חודש
תלומד לומר ביום ההוא אי ביום ההוא יוכל מבעוד יום ת”ל בעבור זה לא אמרתי אלא בשעה שמצה ומרור מונחים לפניך
How do we know that זה refers to matza & marror, and means by night, maybe it refers to the קרבן פסח and זה applies already by day.
You could say that the parsha (shemos 13) makes no mention of the korban pesach, but hey, there is no mention of Marror either.
[And באמת, Rashi there says: בעבור שאקיים מצותיו, כגון פסח מצה ומרור הללו He clearly mentions the pesach too!!??]It’s a יתור. If it would only say בעבור זה perhaps we could understand that it refers to the time of קרבן פסח during the day. But it already says ביום ההוא from which we could know that. The extra בעבור זה after already saying ביום ההוא comes to teach us that the time being referred is different from that which we could have understood from either on its own.
Obviously at the time of the Beis Hamikdash it included Pesach also eaten with the matzah and marror but what about currently when the telling of Yetzias Mitzraim is also a mitzva? There is a mashal of telling it at the time of Meshiach from the Migdal Eider Haggadah. There was a poor man who had stomach problems but anyway it did not bother him as he could not afford any more than what he was able to eat. A doctor came and cured him. However, he could not show true appreciation as he desired more but could not afford it. When he became rich, that is when he was able to show the appreciation. Currently, as still being galus, we cannot show true hakoras hatov for yetzias mitzraim but when we will be redeemed, we will truly appreciated.
I have heard a suggestion from a Talmid Chacham that the reference to matzah is in the word “ba’avur”. As the posuk in Yehoshua says “Vayochlu mei’avur ha’aretz”, “avur” meaning grain. Similarly “Ba’avur zeh” could mean “because of this grain”, i.e. this matzah.
The Ksav Sofer explains the use of בעבור זה both for the rasha and the one not asking. Be careful when the child is young and he can not ask to bring him up properly in order not to become a rasha.
The pasuk following it to put tefillin on applies currently, so does the pasuk before when korban Pesach is not available. The Kafter Voferach brings from Rav Chaim from Paris that he wanted to sacrifice a korban Pesach currently at the turn of the Hebrew millennium and the Chasam Sofer with Rebbi Akiva Eiger discuss how to overcome the hindrances. He believed that there was a chiyuv currently just that we cannot fulfil it. So does the Minchas Chinuch who questions if the Beis Hamikdash would be rebuilt between the first Pesach and the second, will we have to bring a Korban Pesach on Pesach Sheni?
GotAGoodPoint,
“How do we know that זה refers to matza & marror, and means by night, maybe it refers to the קרבן פסח and זה applies already by day.”
I’m not sure I understand your question. The korban pesach is slaughtered during the day on the 14th of Nissan, but it is eaten by night with matzos and maror. So wouldn’t the time that זה refers to be night by the korban pesach as much as with matzos and maror?
This bother you? BH I so happy that you have no other worries!
The possuk is saying that Hashem took us out of mitzrayim because of “this”, i.e. to do this. We know that Hashem took us out of Mitzrayim to do all the mitzvos of Pesach, including matzah and maror, not just the korban pesach. So therefore it must be referring to night, when we keep all these mitzvos, and not the day, when we are only doing one of them.
I saw from the Shibolei Leket that at the time of the Beis Hamikdash they said בשעה שפסח מצה ומרור מונחים לפניך. They included the Korban Peach to matzah and marror.
You GotaGoodPoint. Thank you for pointing it out to me. There is argument between Rebbi and Rebbi Nasan in Pesochim (93,1) if Pesach Sheni is a makeup or a separate chiyuv. The Rambam paskens like Rebbi that it is a separate chiyuv, so a convert even though not responsible the first Pesach has a chiyuv to bring a korban pesach on Pesach Sheni. According to this, the Minchas Chinuch might hold that we have to bring a Pesach Sheni even though we were not responsible on the first Pesach.
The Ksav Sofer interprets the pasuk in a mussar fashion, וה’ ההלך לפניהם יומם, there are two kinds of temptations, richness and poverty. One should realize that they are in the hand of Hashem and they can change. So when Hashem provides hatzlacha, success בעמוד ענן לנחותם הדרך, keep in mind the dark cloud, that it can become dark and not feel that one has created their own success, will help to live with it and vice versa ולילה בעמוד אש, when going badly, think of the pillar of fire להאיר להם that it can turn to good, ללכת יומם ולילה this will help to overcome the temptation, whether having success or vice versa. The Chasan Sofer, the talmid adds, this is alluded in the Haggadah, to keep for the whole year, matzah the good and marror, the bad constantly in front of us.
Why think to start from Rosh Chodash? Everyone agrees that two weeks before Pesach one should start to learn the halachas of Pesach (shoalim vedorshim). So bayom hahu, if that day, maybe we should start early as zerizim makdimim lemitzvos. Answers the gemorah that zerizous, diligence only applies at the time of chiyuv, responsibility when matzah and marror are around to be able to question about. The Maasei Hashem explains that this applies to one asking a question but maybe one who does not, it does not matter? The pasuk tells us that it matters for the father to have something in front of him by which, through revealing a little (את פתח לו), encourages his son to ask.
Got A Good Point: I don’t think that the pashtus is that it is referring to all mitzvos, but rather to the aforementioned mitzvos in the parashah, i.e. the עבודה הזאת and eating matzos. So to say that it is referring to the 14th would ignore matzos completely, whereas to say that it is referring to the nighttime includes all the mitzvos, even the korban, which is eaten at night. I struggled with your question for a number of years, but I think that this is pashut pshat. 🙂
This Pasuk is not in the Parsha of Korban Pesach. The Pesukim immediately preceding this one are taking about Matzah. The Parsha in general begins with Bechor.
The stages of Rosh Chodesh, during the day, and night are very understandable. Moshe Rabbeinu informed them about the Korban Pesach on Rosh Chodesh, and so it may follow that we should begin speaking to our children from then as well. And so ir says, ביום ההוא. The 14th day is when we are fully preoccupied with the Korban Pesach, and so perhaps we should talk about it then. That’s where זה comes in, to specify that only when this, the Matza is present.
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