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??”? ????? ?? ???? ? says that a ?? ???? is somebody who keeps the 7 Noachide laws, eats non-shechted meat, “??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????” – which means that he was warned and commanded to keep Shabbos.
Aaaah! So does that mean that every ??? out there is ???? ???? for not keeping Shabbos?
How does that fit with ????? ????? being Derabanan?
??? asks from the ???? that ??? ???? ???? ???? – and his ????? doesn’t help much, because ??”? is clear he doesn’t mean that.
Anybody heard a nice ??? in ????
look at tosfos
A Nochri who observes Shabbos in 15&1/2 weeks time, shall not be Chayov Missoh, as by default he shall also have observed Yom Kippur vis a vis Melocho, which does not render a Nochri to be Chayov Missoh.
Yekke: SHU”T Binyan Tziyon 1:91 might answer this. It’s certainly related.
It has been a while since I learned that gemara, but I remember learning pshat that Rashi is referring to a non-Jew that makes a formal kabbalah in Bais Din to become a ger toshav. Part of that formal kabbalah is that he will keep Shabbos, but it is not one of the 7 mitzvos for an ordinary non-Jew who has not made such a kabbalah.
(note this doesn’t really answer Tosafos’ question from ??? ???? ???? ????)
Maybe when it says Akum Sheshavas it literally means an Oved Avoda Zara. In that case he is not being Shoves to show that Hashem created the world and it might even be an extension to his own Avoda Zara.
Another possibility is the opposite of what you quoted earlier. He is Mechuyav to rest enough to show a Shvisa, that Lechvod Shamayim he is not working. But this has nothing to do with the 39 Melachos necessarily.
This can actually answer Tosafos’ Kasha in that it is an Assay and not like the rest of the 7 Mitzvos Bnei Noach.
Yekke2,
According to my pshat Rashi is not holding that Shabbos is one of the seven mitzvos. Rather Rashi is saying that Ger Toshav, in contrast to an ordinary non-Jew who must also keep the sheva mitzvos, makes a formal kabbala not to serve avoda zara that goes beyond the basic mitzvah for a b’nei noach and includes keeping shabbos. I think that this is pashut pshat in Rashi. Rashi makes the obligation to keep shabbos dependent on the GT’s kabbala. If Rashi held that it was really simple avoda zara it would be incumbent on all non-Jews, kabbala or not.
As to why things should be different for a Ger Toshav, Rashi doesn’t explain. But we can speculate that since he is living among Jews, it would be wrong to have chillul shabbos going on in the community. And that being m’challel shabbos b’farhesya is akin to avoda zara.
??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????
The Gemara says that “Ger” in Shemos 23:2 is referring to Ger Toshav. Meaning that the posuk is saying that Ger Toshav has to keep shabbos.
Rashi is explaining Why/How a Ger Toshav comes to have keep shabbos. An ordinary non-Jew doesn’t have to keep Shabbos but a non-Jew that makes a Kabbala in Bais Din to keep the Sheva Mitzvos gets the additional mitzva of Shabbos because being m’challel shabbos within the Jewish Community is like serving Avoda Zara.
Obviously not, genius.
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