I work for an executive search firm, so I have a few pointers that will work in your favor.
1. Your old boss will ALWAYS be called as a reference. Therefore, you need to leave on good terms; ie: ALWAYS thank your boss for the opportunity he gave you; ALWAYS tell your boss you are leaving for an opportunity with greater responsibility; ALWAYS ask your boss if he would like you to be available to speak with your replacement, for pointers, after you have left, etc. In other words, ALWAYS keep the door open after you leave, so your former boss maintains a good feeling about you. (remember the future references)
2. It is ALWAYS easier to get a new job, when you already have one. Employees want an employer that is working and competent at his job. New employees always want to hear about (during job interviews); the desire for additional responsibility; the desire to advance; the desire to learn, etc.
3. NEVER, ever complain about your former boss to anyone in the work field, news always travels backwards.
4. When you give notice, be prepared to empty your desk/rolordex, etc and be asked to leave immedietly, so if there is anything you wish to take with your, take it home before you give notice. (and be very careful not to take anything that is “propriety” to your old bosses business.) You can, and will be sued, if you take his list of clients and contact them after you leave.
5. Do not tell anyone in your workplace you are planning to leave, before you tell your boss.
6. If need be, call your boss and MAKE AN APPOINTMENT with him, to terminate your employment. Then follow up with a letter/email reiterating the conversation, peppering it with thanks for the opportunity to work for you, for the lessons, skills, learned, etc.
Good Luck