By Rabbi Yair Hoffman for the Five Towns Jewish Times

One of the latest trends in Shabbos day meals is to go simple. Just serve fish, cholent, “make your own” salad, and dessert. The procedure for the salad is as follows:

The hostess prepares a table adjacent to the dining room table with a wide variety of items to place in a salad. There is lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, olives, pickles, chicken cutlet, cut up turkey breast, hearts of palm, baby corn, pickled tomatoes – you get the picture. Oh yes, and a few choices of salad dressing.

Recently, a Rosh Yeshiva from Eretz Yisroel was asked by the hostess housing him if he had any preferences to include or exclude from the salad being prepared for him. He responded, “Put anything inside – except for the olives.”

The astute observer will, of course, notice that the Rosh Yeshiva’s animadversion toward the inclusion of olives in his salad was not because of a taste bud aversion to olives. Rather, it most probably had to do with the Gemorah about olive consumption.

The Gemorah (Horios 13b) lists five things that cause one to forget ones studies: Eating from mouse and cat leftovers, eating the heart of an animal (the Afarkasta D’Anya of Rabbi Klonymus Sperber extends this to chickens too), if one regularly consumes olives, if one drinks leftover bathwater, and washing feet one on top of the other. A sixth item is listed as a possibility – using ones clothing as a pillow.

The Gemorah later lists five things that restore ones studies. One of them is consuming olive oil. The Mogain Avrohom 170:19 cites this Gemorah as authoritative Halacha. The Aruch HaShulchan 2:5, the HaGaos Rabbi Akiva Eiger (OC 2), Shla, Ben Ish Chai, and Kaf HaChaim mention it as well.

The guilt began to set in. Why are so many people eating olives? Should olives not be served? Are there heterim – reasons to allow the masses to ignore this “mandatory avoiding” of Chazal? And how do we give a hechsher on the item without, say, adding a bit of olive oil? Is there a difference between green olives and black olives? What about that olive spread – growing weekly in popularity?

Guilt forces one to look for answers.

So here we go. The Yaavatz in his Hagaos to that very Gemorah writes that the Talmud only refers to raw olives – but if the olives are marinated there is nothing wrong. Our olives, of course, are marinated.

But the Yaavetz’s ruling may be a bit out in left field for a number of reasons. Firstly, where does he get it from? Secondly, why is there no mention of it in the Talmud? Botanists have shown that many of the olive trees that are still around in the middle –east are between 1500 and 2000 years old – these were always consumed marinated – why then does the Gemorah not qualify it? Also how come none of the Poskim cite the Yaavetz? In his Mor UKetziya he does cite a number of instances where Rabbis did eat salted olives – for example Rabbi Yochanan in Brachos 38b. It could be that this is his source and that the Gemorah does not distinguish the two forms of olives, raw or marinated, because it was an obvious truth. Now, of course, it is not so obvious. The Meiri on Horios, however, writes that salted olives also cause one to forget ones studies.

Clearly, using the Yaavetz alone will not suffice.

Rabbi Yoseph Chaim Sonenfeld (Salmas Chaim Vol. I #41) writes that if one consumes it with olive oil there is no problem. This solution is indicated in the rest of the Gemorah where it seems that the olive oil consumption makes up for the olive consumption. Which brings us to the next few questions – how much olive oil covers how many olives? Also, will the olive oil in the salad dressing be considered good enough to count as olive oil? And is it only olive oil – or will another oil do?

All these questions, of course, bring us to another question too. Is the Gemorah informing us of a scientific truth – or is it something to do with Torah and purity and impurity? Is it Halacha or is it just good advice?

Also what does it cause you to forget? Does it cause one to forget secular knowledge too? Should the secular college professors be warned?

Addressing this latter question, we may make the following inference. The Mogain Avrohom 170:19 cited earlier differentiates between when one eats them with intent – where one does not forget ones learning and a case where one eats them casually where one does forget one’s studies. The issue of intent seems to indicate that what is being discussed is an issue of impurity or purity rather than a scientific issue – because intent would have no impact on things otherwise. This is also borne out by the fact that the scientific record does not record any repercussions of forgetting things when one consumes olives. Thus the secular college professors and their knowledge are safe.

Is it Halacha or just good advice? Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zatzal is cited in the Halichos Shlomo that it is not absolute halacha – just good advice. For these items we also do not apply the principle of “dangers are more stringent than prohibitions” either. Nonetheless, though, it still remains good advice.

As far as how much oil covers how much olives – Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zatzal also indicated that any amount would suffice. This too is found in the Halichos Shlomo. There is no indication, however, that another oil is effective. Would the olive oil in the salad dressing work? One may apply the principle of Achshavei since olive oil is much more expensive than other types of oil – so it would still be considered extant – even in a mixture with other products.

Another angle might lie in the very wording of the Talmud itself. If one regularly consumes olives – indicates that one may consume them and one would remain unaffected – it is just regular and habitual consumption that causes one to lose ones studies. So perhaps another leniency might be if we only occasionally consume these olives. The Otzer HaTeshuvos (R. S.D. Klein 118:4) quotes Rav Chaim Kanievsky Shlita who cites the Talmud Brachos 40a regarding lentils that if one consumes them once in thirty days that is called regular consumption. Rav Kanievsky rules that if it is longer than once in thirty days then that is not considered regular consumption.

In summation then, we have the following three leniencies:

[1] If one adds any dressing containing olive oil or even a bit of olive oil to it then it would be permitted.

[2] Some authorities rule that the fact that the olives are marinated is a significant leniency in and of itself.

[3] If we do not make it a habit of having it every time that might be considered irregular. The fact that it is good advice can also combine with the above factors to create a leniency too.

May Hashem allow us not only to retain our past Torah knowledge – but to ever increase our acquisition of it too.

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