Dear Charlie,
Socialist virtues and policies can stand on their own merit. Once that merit is justified, it is no longer viewed as merely a socialist policy. It takes on it’s own nature, and will be called by it’s own title. A large amount of the productive regulations that cropped up over the centuries would be termed today, ‘socialist legislation’. But we know it as standard business protocols or ethics. Socialism is only used in policy making, when there uncertainty if the bill under discussion, is justified. Then Socialist philosophies can be used to demonstrate it’s need or potential. The philosophy lending approval to the law, is a mandatory part of man made systems.
The Torah is Divine. As a divine system it’s laws always have to be justified in of themselves. We cannot say, Hashem would not have created this law, but He saw that there was a flaw somewhere else, so this law was made as a safety net. [For example, saying that the whole intent of the slavery laws is that it was the best that could be hoped for. This gets to be a gray area, I am not intending to discredit anybody.] Therefore, the underpinnings of the Torah, which in Human terms would be it’s philosophy or terms of thinking, do not describe the values of the Torah, as much as it does the Facets of the Torah. [Yiras Shamayim, Ahavas Torah, Avodah, Chukim, etc. according to which ever Jewish thinker you prefer.]
So, in conclusion to validate a man made system from the Torah, requires translating the Laws of the Torah into the potential practices of whatever philosophy. And since human thinking is forever evolving, it will be thrown back in your face with tenfold the amount of ‘proofs’ you started out with.
The Torah allows us to be Socialist, Communist, Capitalist, and a million other things. So if you find socialism beneficial, then ‘go in happiness and eat your bread, and drink your wine with a gracious heart’. But do not think that you have the Torah’s backing for what you chose to ask of others to join you. You stand on your own merits. The Torah has empowered us to do so. Empowered, not entitled, designated, or compelled.