Accusing Israel of systematic crimes, including apartheid in the “occupied territories”, Palestinians on Tuesday urged the International Criminal Court to open an investigation that could ultimately lead to charges against Israeli leaders.

Israel immediately slammed the Palestinian move as “legally invalid.”

The referral seeks an investigation into Israeli policies in the West Bank, east Jerusalem and Gaza Strip since Palestine accepted the ICC’s jurisdiction in 2014, Palestinian Foreign Minister Riad Malki told reporters in The Hague.

This includes Israeli policies in Yehuda dn Shomron, East Jerusalem, as well as in the Gaza Strip. Israeli fire has killed over 100 Palestinians who have attempted to breach the secuirty barrier at the Gaza border during mass protests along the Gaza border since March.

By ratcheting up tensions with Israel, the referral to the ICC would seem to further diminish prospects of success for an expected U.S. peace plan. U.S. officials have said President Donald Trump is to unveil the plan in the coming weeks.

The last round of peace talks broke down four years ago without any visible process, and mistrust between Israel and the Palestinians is running high.

The Palestinians have repeatedly accused the U.S. of siding with Israel, especially after the Trump administration recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December, followed by last week’s embassy move. The Palestinians have severed most ties with the Americans and said the White House is unfit to serve as a mediator.

Still, Malki insisted that going to the ICC could become a building block for peace.

“Justice is the cornerstone of peace,” he said. “As such we view this step as advancing the prospects of peace.”

The United States disagreed.

“We have made clear that we oppose actions against Israel at the ICC as counterproductive to the cause of peace,” said Edgar Vasquez, spokesman for the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.

The State Department declined to say whether the move would trigger a closure of the PLO office in Washington under a provision in U.S. law that requires it to be closed if the Palestinians seek prosecution of Israelis at the ICC.

At a press briefing, State department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said, “Well, we have long believed that these types of actions are not conducive to peace. We are not a party to the International Criminal Court, as many of you know. We oppose the actions taking place against Israel at the International Criminal Court because we see that simply as counterproductive.”

“We have spoken about this many times before. Our position on this matter is well known. We oppose actions against Israel [at the International Criminal Court] because it doesn’t help the cause for peace. And that is one of the priorities of this administration, getting the Israelis and Palestinians back to the table where they can have a good, concrete negotiation about the peace process going forward. And the ICC just doesn’t do that,” she added.

Israel, which is not a member of the ICC, argues that the court does not have jurisdiction.

“The purported Palestinian referral is legally invalid and the ICC lacks jurisdiction over the Israeli-Palestinian issue, since Israel is not a member of the court and because the Palestinian Authority is not a state,” an Israeli Foreign Ministry statement said.

In 2012, Palestine won upgraded status to a nonmember observer state at the U.N., which allows membership in many world bodies, including the ICC.

Although Israel is not an ICC member, its citizens can be charged by the court if they are suspected of committing grave crimes on the territory or against a national of a country that is a member. The ICC has recognized “Palestine” as a member.

The ICC is a court of last resort — authorized to take on cases where national authorities cannot or will not launch prosecutions.

Israel said it expects the ICC and its prosecutor “not to yield to Palestinian pressure, and stand firm against continued Palestinian efforts to politicize the court and to derail it from its mandate.”

It also hinted at retaliation.

“The Palestinian Authority needs our cooperation in many fields,” said Michael Oren, Israel’s deputy minister for diplomacy. “Israel will look very critically at whether such cooperation can continue.”

It is absurd that the Palestinian actions vis-à-vis the Court come at a time when the Palestinians continue to incite to acts of terrorism, while exploiting women and children as human shields for violent attacks against the security of Israel’s citizens.

— Ofir Gendelman (@ofirgendelman) May 22, 2018

The ICC has been conducting a preliminary inquiry since 2015 in the Palestinian territories, including Israel’s settlement policy and crimes allegedly committed by both sides in the 2014 Gaza conflict. Tuesday’s referral could speed up a decision on whether to open a full-blown investigation that could ultimately lead to the indictment of high-ranking Israelis. The investigation is also looking at Hamas rocket attacks aimed at Israeli civilian population centers.

Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda said in a statement that the preliminary probe “has seen important progress and will continue to follow its normal course.”

She said she must consider “issues of jurisdiction, admissibility and the interests of justice.”

In a summary of its referral, the Palestinian Foreign Ministry alleged that Israel maintains and protects its settlements “by committing war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of apartheid against the Palestinian people.”

Apartheid was the name given to the racist policies of South Africa’s former white rulers. It is considered a crime against humanity by the ICC and defined by the court as inhumane acts “committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime.”

Palestinian Assistant Minister for Multilateral Affairs Ammar Hijazi said the recent Gaza violence pushed the Palestinians into going to the court, adding that it “requires that we take action and this is why we moved in this regard.”

Human rights groups say Israel’s open-fire orders are unlawful because they allow the use of potentially lethal force against unarmed protesters at times when soldiers face no imminent threat to their lives.

Israel has said it was defending its border and accused Gaza’s ruling Hamas terror group of using the unrest to carry out attempted attacks and of using civilians as human shields. Israel also has blamed Hamas for the heavy civilian death toll during the 2014 war.

Israel says it has investigated actions by its forces in the Gaza conflict and has opened a number of investigations into the latest Gaza violence as well. But critics say the probes rarely lead anywhere.

“Israel acts in accordance with independent and thorough judicial review mechanisms, befitting a democratic state, and in accordance with international law,” the Israeli statement said.

While the ICC can indict suspects, it has no police force and has to rely on cooperation from member states to enforce arrest warrants.

Israel says the criticism of its settlements is unfounded. It says east Jerusalem is an inseparable part of its capital, and considers the West Bank to be disputed territory whose fate should be decided in negotiations. The international community, however, overwhelmingly considers the settlements illegal.

In 2004, the U.N.’s highest judicial organ, the International Court of Justice, ruled in an advisory opinion that the settlements breached international law. In late 2016, the U.N. Security Council also declared the settlements to be illegal.

Over 600,000 Israelis live in the West Bank and east Jerusalem — territories sought by the Palestinians as parts of a future state. Israel captured both territories from Jordan in the 1967 Mideast war.

Under international law, it is illegal to transfer populations out of or into “occupied territory”.

Malki said it was time for the Palestinians to seek redress in court.

“We will not allow injustice to be Palestine’s destiny,” he said.

(AP)