Avi- I really did not want to take this thread off topic, especially since this had been dealt with on so many other threads, but since we are having a respectful discussion, I hope everyone does not mind that I answer you.
1. I can’t answer for everyone’s level of emuna and extent of hishtadlus they have to do. I do know that the during the Gulf War, people in Bnai Brak who were definitely in line of fire did not run to sealed rooms because they were assured by… (was it Rav Shach Z”TL? or rav Kanievsky?) that the Torah of Bnei Brak would protect them. And they were protected.
2. I think it’s because saying it is a political message, and because there are problems with adding tefillos that are not part of the mesora. But plenty of shuls end davening with “Acheinu kol bais yisroel” and a kappitel tehillim, usually more frequently level during an active war/military operation.
3. Yes, not all are learning, and it would be great (in my opinion) if those who are not making it- shabavnikim and also regular people who are not cut out for full time learning- had other options within the system. Theoretically, it would be better for boys at risk or trouble makers to get out their aggression in the army, learn some discipline- including being forced to attend davening- that is what function Nachal Hareidi serves (Nahal Hareidi is a misnomer- practically, it’s mostly for Chareidi drop-outs and dati leumi who want something more sheltered than the hesder units). But there is a real spiritual risk of going to the army for a typical Hareidi boy- you can’t deny it- and so for most boys, it would not be better for them to go.
In terms of how to do the learning- you can’t compare someone learning in a hesder program (5 years combined learning and army) to someone learning full time for 10-20-30 + years. There are those who learn just for the sake of learning, there are those who learn to teach. There was in the past some capacity in the army to be a Rav Chayal, I think it was called- I know there were chareidi boys who joined and served in that way, and taught Torah as part of their service. I doubt it exists today- the army is not encouraging spread of Torah among the recruits (remember the furor over some officer who encouraged his soldiers to daven or say tehillim before they went out?). As far as using their analytical skills for military intelligence- great idea, for those who don’t want/can’t continue their Torah studies and are looking for jobs. But for those who want to learn- let them learn, without strings!
One more point, the chareidi community is dynamic and change needs to come from within, if and when it is appropriate, not when outsiders dictate it.