You mean Adam Harishon. That has nothing to do with Tefillah, actually. He asked if there is such a thing as presents in heaven and when told that there is he donated 70 of his own years.
Anyhow, I added the part about a good enough child exactly for this reason. There is such a thing as changing Mazal but it is very hard and won’t always work. Hashem told Rav Elazar that the only way to change his Mazal would be to redo the world and then to see how it turns out. Understand that passage how you want but Mazal is very powerful.
Not always does lack of any of those three mean it is against your Mazal and it sure pays to Daven for them and to enlist the blessings of holy and righteous people.
The point is to keep in mind that such Bakashos have a different status. When asking for these, if ?”? it is not granted, keep in mind that you were told beforehand of the chances of not being answered. This should not discourage anyone from asking and Davenning for all his needs. The Emuna that Hashem is listening and will answer actually helps, especially if it is a Ruchnius issue.
The Gemara says that you should be very explicit when you ask for something. To prove this point, the Gemara relates how a person traveling in the dessert asked for a donkey, though he didn’t say he wanted it to ride on. Soon after, a group of bandits met up with him and forced him to carry their newborn donkey on shoulders.